RTU Kota B.Tech AI 4th Semester Theory of Computation Question Paper 2025

RTU Artificial Intelligence Theory of Computation 2025 Paper Review

Preparing for the Rajasthan Technical University B.Tech Theory of Computation exam requires strict adherence to mathematical logic and formal language structures. For Artificial Intelligence students, this subject is the absolute theoretical basis for natural language processing, compiler design, and understanding the physical limits of algorithmic computation. Before designing advanced AI parsers or determining if a machine learning task is solvable, you must understand state machines, grammar derivations, and Turing decidability. The 2025 paper tests your ability to design deterministic finite automata, convert grammars into normal forms, and prove whether a language is regular or context-free. Reviewing this specific branch paper shows you exactly how examiners construct problems and allocate marks across the theoretical modules. This systematic preparation helps you approach your fourth-semester exam confidently.

Understanding the AI Branch Exam Pattern

The RTU theory examination is a three-hour paper worth 70 marks. The paper features three distinct sections designed to evaluate both basic definitions and comprehensive mathematical proofs.

• Part A: This section contains ten compulsory questions worth two marks each. You must define terms like alphabet and string, state the difference between a Moore and Mealy machine, or write a regular expression for a simple language under 30 words.
• Part B: You will find seven questions here. You must answer five of them. Each question is worth four marks. Your answers require drawing small finite automata diagrams, executing the pumping lemma for regular languages, or minimizing the states of a given DFA.
• Part C: This section offers five major questions. You need to answer three. Each question carries ten marks. These require detailed step-by-step conversions of context-free grammars to Chomsky Normal Form, designing Pushdown Automata with full state transition traces, or constructing the transition table and tape logic for a Turing Machine.

Core Topics Evaluated in the AI Paper

The 2025 question paper covers several critical modules that establish the mathematical limitations of computing. Focus your study time on these specific areas to maximize your score.

Finite Automata and Regular Languages

This module evaluates your understanding of machines with no memory. You must master the design of Deterministic Finite Automata (DFA) and Non-Deterministic Finite Automata (NFA). Practice converting an NFA to a DFA using the subset construction method. You must also know how to write regular expressions from state diagrams and vice versa using Arden's Theorem. The paper consistently features questions asking you to design a DFA that accepts strings ending with a specific pattern, like "011".

Context-Free Grammars and Normal Forms

Grammars form the structural rules of languages. You must understand how to derive strings using leftmost and rightmost derivations and how to represent these derivations using parse trees. Practice removing ambiguity from context-free grammars (CFG) and eliminating useless symbols, unit productions, and null productions. A major highlight of the 2025 paper is the ten-mark question requiring you to convert a given CFG into Chomsky Normal Form (CNF) or Greibach Normal Form (GNF).

Pushdown Automata

Pushdown Automata (PDA) introduce stack memory to state machines. You must understand the structural difference between finite automata and PDA. Practice designing deterministic and non-deterministic PDA for languages like an

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or palindromes. Examiners evaluate your ability to trace the stack operations (push, pop, skip) clearly. You must also know the equivalence between CFGs and PDAs, specifically how to convert a given grammar directly into a PDA structure.

Turing Machines and Decidability

The Turing Machine represents the absolute peak of computational modeling. You must master the design of basic Turing Machines for tasks like 1's complement, unary addition, or accepting languages like an

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. The paper heavily tests your theoretical understanding of decidability. You must define the Halting Problem and understand the difference between recursive and recursively enumerable languages. Study the variations of Turing Machines, such as multi-tape and non-deterministic models.

Pumping Lemma Applications

You must master the Pumping Lemma for both regular languages and context-free languages. This is purely a proof-based topic. Practice using the lemma to prove by contradiction that a specific language, such as the set of all prime numbers in unary, is not a regular language.

Answer Writing Strategy for High Marks

RTU evaluators look for clean state diagrams, explicitly stated transition functions, and logical step-by-step mathematical proofs in your answer booklet. Use a blue pen for your general text explanations and mathematical steps, and use a black pen and ruler for drawing state machines, parse trees, and transition tables.

In Part A, answer directly. If a question asks for the definition of an NFA, define it directly as a finite automaton where a single input symbol can lead to multiple next states, and write its 5-tuple definition (Q,Σ,δ,q0

​,F).

In Part B, structure your proofs clearly. When using the Pumping Lemma, explicitly state your assumption, define the string length constraints (∣xy∣≤n,∣y∣≥1), and show exactly which pumping iteration causes the contradiction.

In Part C, continuous documentation of your logic is critical. When designing a Turing Machine for a ten-mark question, do not just draw the state diagram. Write the complete transition table and perform a dry run (a tape trace) using a sample input string to prove that your machine accepts valid strings and halts correctly. Draw a clean box around your final regular expressions and minimized state sets.

Time Management During the Exam

Allocate 20 minutes to Part A. Spend 40 minutes on Part B. Reserve the remaining 120 minutes for the three long-answer questions in Part C. Designing complex Pushdown Automata, drawing error-free Turing Machine tape movements, and executing multi-step CNF conversions requires steady focus and significant time. This plan guarantees you 40 minutes per major question, giving you time to double-check your stack operations and verify your transition logic. Use the final 10 minutes to verify your question numbering, ensure all state transition arrows have direction heads, and check that every DFA diagram clearly marks the initial and final states.